Ingamba zo Kwirinda Kubora kw'Imirasire n'Imiterere yo Kwirinda

Gukomera kwa nucleus bishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu gusohora ubwoko butandukanye bw'uduce cyangwa imiraba, bigatera kwangirika gutandukanye kwa radiyo no gukora imirasire ya iyonizing. Uduce twa Alpha, uduce twa beta, imirasire ya gamma, na neutron ni bimwe mu bikunze kugaragara. Kwangirika kwa alpha bikubiyemo kurekura uduce turemereye kandi dufite ingufu nziza n'uduce twa nucleus twangiritse kugira ngo tugere ku ituze rikomeye. Utwo duce ntidushobora kwinjira mu ruhu kandi akenshi dufungwa neza n'urupapuro rumwe.

Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'uduce cyangwa imiraba nucleus irekura kugira ngo ikomeze kubaho, hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibora ry'imirasire rituma habaho imirasire ya iyonizing. Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara ni uduce twa alpha, uduce twa beta, imirasire ya gamma na neutroni.

Imirasire ya Alpha

Mu gihe cy'imirasire ya alpha, nucleus iri mu kwangirika isohora uduce duto cyane kandi dufite ingufu nziza kugira ngo irusheho gukomera. Utwo duce muri rusange ntidushobora kunyura mu ruhu ngo dutere ingaruka mbi kandi akenshi dushobora kuziba iyo hakoreshejwe urupapuro rumwe gusa.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, mu gihe ibintu bisohora alpha byinjiye mu mubiri binyuze mu guhumeka, kubinywa, cyangwa kubinywa, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngingo z'imbere mu mubiri, bikaba byagira ingaruka ku buzima. Urugero rw'ikintu cyangiritse mu duce twa alpha ni Americium-241, ikoreshwa mu byuma bipima umwotsi ku isi yose.

Imirasire ya Beta

Mu gihe cy'imirasire ya beta, nucleus zisohora utuntu duto (electrons), twinjira cyane kurusha utuntu twa alpha kandi tukaba dushobora kunyura mu mazi ya santimetero 1-2, bitewe n'ingufu zabyo. Ubusanzwe, agapapuro gato ka aluminiyumu gapima milimetero nke z'ubugari gashobora kuzibira imirasire ya beta neza.

Imirasire ya Gamma

Imirasire ya Gamma, ifite uburyo bwinshi butandukanye burimo no kuvura kanseri, iri mu cyiciro cy'imirasire ya elegitoroniki, kimwe na X-rays. Nubwo imirasire ya gamma imwe n'imwe ishobora kunyura mu mubiri w'umuntu nta ngaruka, indi ishobora kwinjizamo ndetse ikaba yanagira ingaruka mbi. Inkuta nini za beto cyangwa icyuma gifata amashanyarazi zishobora kugabanya ibyago bijyana n'imirasire ya gamma mu kugabanya ubukana bwayo, ari nayo mpamvu ibyumba byo kuvura mu bitaro byagenewe abarwayi ba kanseri byubatswe n'inkuta zikomeye.

Neutron

Neutron, nk'uduce duto cyane kandi tukaba ari ibice by'ingenzi by'ingenzi bya nucleus, zishobora gukorwa binyuze mu buryo butandukanye, nko mu mashini zikora amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikorwa bya nucleus biterwa n'uduce dufite ingufu nyinshi mu mirasire y'ingufu. Izi neutrons zikora nk'isoko igaragara y'imirasire ikora iyoni mu buryo butaziguye.

Uburyo bwo kurwanya imirasire

Amahame atatu y'ibanze kandi yoroshye gukurikiza yo kurinda imirasire ni: Igihe, Intera, Gukingira.

Igihe

Igipimo cy'imirasire cyakusanyijwe n'umukozi ushinzwe imirasire kiriyongera bitewe n'igihe cy'uburemere bw'imirasire. Igihe gito cyamara hafi y'isoko gituma igipimo cy'imirasire kiba gito. Ku rundi ruhande, kwiyongera kw'igihe cyamara mu murima w'imirasire bituma igipimo cy'imirasire cyiyongera. Kubwibyo, kugabanya igihe cyamara mu murima uwo ari wo wose w'imirasire bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imirasire.

Intera

Kongera itandukaniro hagati y'umuntu n'isoko ry'imirasire ni uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imirasire. Uko intera iri hagati y'isoko ry'imirasire igenda yiyongera, urugero rw'imirasire rugabanuka cyane. Kugabanya kwegerana kw'imirasire ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imirasire mu gihe cyo gukoresha radiography igendanwa na fluoroscopy. Kugabanuka kw'ingaruka bishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe itegeko rya kare rigenga inverse, rigaragaza isano iri hagati y'intera n'imbaraga z'imirasire. Iri tegeko ryemeza ko imbaraga z'imirasire iri ku ntera runaka uvuye ku ntera runaka zifitanye isano inyuranye n'intera iri hagati y'intambwe.

Gukingira

Niba gukomeza intera ntarengwa n'igihe gito bitakwemeza ko imirasire ihagije iboneka, biba ngombwa gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurinda bunoze kugira ngo imirasire igabanuke neza. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kugabanya imirasire bizwi nka "garde", kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo rifasha kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura haba ku barwayi ndetse no ku baturage muri rusange.

—— ...

LnkMed, uruganda rw'inzobere mu gukora no guteza imbereinshinge zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshiTuratanga kandiinshinge n'imiyoboroikubiyemo hafi ya moderi zose zikunzwe ku isoko. Twandikire kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye kuriinfo@lnk-med.com