Kwangirika kwa Radio hamwe ningamba zo Kwirinda

Ihungabana rya nucleus irashobora kugerwaho binyuze mu gusohora ubwoko butandukanye bwibice cyangwa imiraba, bikavamo uburyo butandukanye bwo kwangirika kwa radio no kubyara imirasire ya ionizing. Alpha ibice, ibice bya beta, imirasire ya gamma, na neutron biri mubwoko bukunze kugaragara. Kubora kwa Alpha bikubiyemo kurekura ibice biremereye, byashizwemo imbaraga na nuclei yangirika kugirango bigerweho neza. Ibi bice ntibishobora kwinjira mu ruhu kandi akenshi bifungwa neza nurupapuro rumwe.

Ukurikije ubwoko bwibice cyangwa imiraba nucleus irekura kugirango ihamye, hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwo kwangirika kwa radio biganisha kumirasire ya ionizing. Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara ni alpha ibice, beta ibice, imirasire ya gamma na neutron.

Imirasire ya Alpha

Mugihe cy'imirasire ya alfa, nuclei irimo kubora isohora ibice biremereye, byuzuye neza kugirango bigerweho neza. Ibi bice muri rusange ntibishobora kunyura muruhu kugirango bitere ingaruka kandi birashobora guhagarikwa neza hakoreshejwe urupapuro rumwe.

Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, niba ibintu bisohora alfa byinjira mu mubiri binyuze mu guhumeka, kuribwa, cyangwa kunywa, birashobora kugira ingaruka ku nyama zo mu nda, bikaba byangiza ubuzima.Urugero rw'ikintu cyangirika binyuze mu bice bya alfa ni Americium-241, ikoreshwa mu bikoresho byerekana umwotsi ku isi. .

Imirasire ya Beta

Mugihe cy'imirasire ya beta, nuclei isohora uduce duto (electron), zinjira cyane kuruta uduce twa alfa kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo kunyura hagati ya santimetero 1-2 z'amazi, bitewe nurwego rwingufu zabo. Mubisanzwe, urupapuro ruto rwa aluminiyumu ipima milimetero nkeya mubyimbye irashobora guhagarika imirasire ya beta.

Imirasire ya gamma

Imirasire ya gamma, hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa harimo kuvura kanseri, biri mubyiciro byimirasire ya electronique, bisa na X-X. Mugihe imirasire imwe ya gamma ishobora kunyura mumubiri wumuntu nta nkurikizi, izindi zirashobora kwinjizwa kandi zishobora guteza ingaruka. Urukuta rurerure cyangwa urukuta rushobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nimirasire ya gamma mukugabanya ubukana bwayo, niyo mpamvu ibyumba byo kuvura mubitaro byagenewe abarwayi ba kanseri byubatswe nurukuta rukomeye.

Neutrons

Neutrons, nkibice biremereye ugereranije nibice byingenzi bigize nucleus, irashobora kubyara hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye, nka reaction ya nucleaire cyangwa reaction ya kirimbuzi iterwa ningufu zingufu nyinshi mumirasire yihuta. Izi neutron zikora nkisoko igaragara yimirasire itaziguye.

Inzira zo Kurwanya Imirasire

Bitatu mubyingenzi kandi byoroshye gukurikiza amahame yo kurinda imirasire ni: Igihe, Intera, Ingabo.

Igihe

Imishwarara yimirasire yakusanyirijwe numukozi wimirasire yiyongera muburyo butaziguye nigihe cyo kuba hafi yimirasire. Umwanya muto umara hafi yinkomoko bivamo imishwarara yo hasi. Ibinyuranye, kwiyongera kumwanya umara mumirasire biganisha kumirasire nini yakiriwe. Kubwibyo, kugabanya igihe cyakoreshejwe mumirasire iyo ari yo yose bigabanya imishwarara.

Intera

Gutezimbere itandukaniro hagati yumuntu ninkomoko yimirasire yerekana ko aribwo buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya imishwarara. Mugihe intera ituruka kumirasire ikura, urwego rwimishwarara igabanuka cyane. Kugabanya hafi yinkomoko yimirasire bifite akamaro kanini mukugabanya imishwarara mugihe cya radiyo igendanwa hamwe na fluoroscopi. Kugabanuka kwerekanwa kurashobora kugereranywa ukoresheje itegeko rya kare rinyuranye, ryerekana isano iri hagati yintera nuburemere bwimirasire. Iri tegeko ryemeza ko ubukana bwimirasire ku ntera yagenwe kuva aho buturuka bifitanye isano itandukanye na kare ya intera.

Ingabo

Niba kugumana intera ntarengwa nigihe ntarengwa bidashobora kwemeza ko imishwarara ikabije ihagije, birakenewe ko dushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gukingira neza kugira ngo imishwarara ihagije. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu guhuza imirasire bizwi nkingabo, kandi kubishyira mu bikorwa bigira uruhare mu kugabanya guhura n’abarwayi ndetse n’abaturage muri rusange.

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