Intego y'iyi nkuru ni ukuganira ku bwoko butatu bw'uburyo bwo gufata amashusho y'ubuvuzi bukunze kwitiranywa n'abaturage muri rusange, X-ray, CT, na MRI.
Igipimo cy'imirasire mike – X-ray
Ni gute X-ray yamenyekanye?
Ibyo bidusubiza inyuma mu myaka 127 ugana mu Gushyingo. Umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’Umudage Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen yavumbuye ikintu kitazwi muri laboratwari ye isanzwe, hanyuma amara ibyumweru muri laboratwari, yemeza umugore we gukora nk'umuntu ugeragezwa, maze afata X-ray ya mbere mu mateka y'abantu, kuko urumuri rwuzuyemo amayobera atazwi, Roentgen yayise X-ray. Ubu buvumbuzi bukomeye bwashyizeho urufatiro rwo gusuzuma no kuvura amashusho y'ubuvuzi mu gihe kizaza. Ku ya 8 Ugushyingo 1895, hatangajwe umunsi mpuzamahanga w’amayobera mu rwego rwo kwibuka ubu buvumbuzi bwabaye ingenzi.
Imirasire ya X-ray ni urumuri rutagaragara rufite uburebure bw'umurambararo bugufi cyane, ari na rwo rugaragara hagati y'imirasire ya ultraviolet na gamma. Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwarwo bwo kwinjiramo burakomeye cyane, bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ubucucike n'ubunini bw'imiterere itandukanye y'umubiri w'umuntu, imirasire ya X-ray yinjizwa mu byiciro bitandukanye iyo inyuze mu mubiri w'umuntu, kandi imirasire ya X-ray ifite amakuru atandukanye yo kugabanya nyuma yo kwinjira mu mubiri w'umuntu inyura mu ikoranabuhanga ry'iterambere, amaherezo igakora amafoto y'umukara n'umweru.
Imirasire ya X-ray na CT bikunze guhuzwa, kandi bifite aho bihuriye n'aho bitandukanye. Ibyo byombi bifite aho bihuriye mu ihame ryo gufata amashusho, byombi bikoresha imirasire ya X-ray kugira ngo bikore amashusho y'umukara n'umweru afite ubukana butandukanye bw'imirasire inyura mu mibiri y'abantu ifite ubucucike n'ubunini butandukanye bw'ingingo. Ariko hari n'itandukaniro rigaragara:
Ubwa mbere, itandukaniroibinyomamu miterere n'imikorere y'ibikoresho. X-ray isa cyane no kujya muri studio ifotora kugira ngo ifotorwe. Ubwa mbere, umurwayi afashwa n'aho asanzwe apimirwa, hanyuma agakoresho ka X-ray (kamera nini) gakoreshwa mu gufata ishusho mu isegonda rimwe. Ibikoresho bya CT bisa n'"donut" nini mu miterere, kandi umukoresha agomba gufasha umurwayi ku buriri bwo gusuzumiramo, akinjira mu cyumba cyo kubaga, kandi agakoresha CT scan ku murwayi.
Icya kabiri, itandukaniroibinyomamu buryo bwo gufata amashusho. Ishusho ya X-ray ni ishusho ifite imiterere ibiri ihurirana, kandi amakuru y'ifoto y'icyerekezo runaka ashobora kuboneka ku ifoto imwe, ifite uruhande rumwe. Bisa no kureba igice cy'umugati utaracibwa muri rusange, kandi imiterere y'imbere ntishobora kugaragara neza. Ishusho ya CT igizwe n'urukurikirane rw'amashusho ya tomography, bingana no gukata urwego rw'imiterere y'ingingo ku rundi, neza kandi imwe ku yindi kugira ngo hagaragazwe ibisobanuro byinshi n'imiterere imbere mu mubiri w'umuntu, kandi ubushobozi bwo kureba neza buruta kure filime ya X-ray.
Icya gatatu, kuri ubu, gufotora X-ray byakoreshejwe mu buryo bwizewe kandi bugezweho mu gusuzuma amagufwa y'abana, ababyeyi ntibagomba guhangayikishwa cyane n'ingaruka z'imirasire, urugero rw'imirasire X-ray ni ruto cyane. Hari kandi abarwayi baza kwa muganga kuvurwa amagufwa bitewe n'ihungabana, muganga azahuza ibyiza n'ibibi bya X-ray na CT, akenshi ni byo bya mbere bifatwa mu gusuzuma X-ray, kandi iyo X-ray idashobora kuba isobanutse neza, ibisebe cyangwa ibisebe bikekwaho kandi bidashobora gupimwa, isuzuma rya CT rizagirwa inama yo gufasha mu kongera imbaraga.
Ntukivange MRI na X-ray na CT
MRIisa na CT mu buryo busa, ariko umwobo wayo wimbitse n'umwobo muto bizana igitutu ku mubiri w'umuntu, ari na imwe mu mpamvu abantu benshi bazayitinya.
Ihame ryayo ritandukanye rwose n'iry'imirasire ya X-ray na CT.
Tuzi ko umubiri w'umuntu ugizwe na atome, ingano y'amazi mu mubiri w'umuntu ni yo menshi, amazi arimo protoni za hydrogen, iyo umubiri w'umuntu uri mu ngufu za rukuruzi, hazabaho igice cya protoni za hydrogen kandi ikimenyetso cy'impyiko cy'imbaraga za rukuruzi zo hanze "resonance", inshuro zikorwa na "resonance" zakirwa n'icyuma gikira, hanyuma mudasobwa igatunganya ikimenyetso cy'impyiko gito, igakora ifoto y'ibara ry'umukara n'umweru.
Urabizi, resonance ya magnetic nuclei nta byangiritse ku mirasire, nta mirasire ya iyonizing, yabaye uburyo busanzwe bwo gufata amashusho. Ku ngingo zoroshye nka sisitemu y'imitsi, ingingo, imitsi n'ibinure, MRI ni yo ikundwa cyane.
Ariko kandi, ifite n'ibindi binyuranyije na byo, kandi hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe biri hasi ugereranije na CT, nko kureba udusimba duto two mu bihaha, kuvunika, nibindi. CT ni yo ikora neza kurushaho. Kubwibyo, niba uhisemo X-ray, CT cyangwa MRI, muganga agomba guhitamo ibimenyetso.
Byongeye kandi, dushobora gufata ibikoresho bya MRI nk'ingufu nini, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga biri hafi yabyo bizapfa, ibintu by'icyuma biri hafi yabyo bizahita byinjira mu mubiri, bigatuma habaho "ingaruka za misile", bikaba ari bibi cyane.
Bityo rero, umutekano w'isuzuma rya MRI wahoraga ari ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ku baganga. Mu gihe witegura isuzuma rya MRI, ni ngombwa kubwira muganga amateka y'ukuri kandi arambuye, gukurikiza amabwiriza y'inzobere, no kugenzura neza ko isuzuma ry'umutekano rikorwa.
Bigaragara ko ubwo bwoko butatu bw'ibishushanyo bya X-ray, CT na MRI byuzuzanya kandi bigafasha abarwayi.
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Nkuko twese tubizi, iterambere ry’inganda zikora amashusho y’ubuvuzi ntaho ritandukaniye n’iterambere ry’ibikoresho bitandukanye by’ubuvuzi - injectors zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye n’ibindi bikoresho bizifasha - bikoreshwa cyane muri uru rwego. Mu Bushinwa, buzwiho inganda zikora, hari inganda nyinshi zizwi cyane mu gihugu no mu mahanga mu gukora ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, harimoLnkMedKuva yashingwa, LnkMed yibanda ku bijyanye n'injection zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi. Itsinda ry'abahanga rya LnkMed riyobowe n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (PhD) ifite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga icumi kandi ikora cyane mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere. Iyobowe na we,Inshinge ya CT imwe mu mutwe,Inshinge ya CT ifite imitwe ibiri,Inshinge zo mu bwoko bwa MRI, naInshinge zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi wa angiographybyakozwe hamwe n'ibi bintu: umubiri ukomeye kandi muto, uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora kandi bufite ubwenge, imikorere yuzuye, umutekano mwinshi, n'igishushanyo mbonera kirambye. Dushobora kandi gutanga seringe na tubes bihuye n'ibyo bicuruzwa bizwi cyane bya CT, MRI, DSA injectors Kubera imyumvire yabo ivuye ku mutima n'imbaraga zabo z'umwuga, abakozi bose ba LnkMed baragutumiye rwose kuza gusura andi masoko hamwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2024
