Isuzuma ry’ibishushanyo by’abaganga ni “ijisho rikomeye” ryo kumenya umubiri w’umuntu. Ariko iyo bigeze kuri X-rays, CT, MRI, ultrasound, n’ubuvuzi bwa nuclear, abantu benshi bazagira ibibazo: Ese imirasire izaba ihari mu gihe cyo gusuzuma? Ese izangiza umubiri? By’umwihariko, abagore batwite bahora bahangayikishijwe n’ingaruka z’imirasire ku bana babo. Uyu munsi tuzasobanura neza ibibazo by’imirasire abagore batwite bahabwa mu ishami rya radiology.
Ikibazo cy'umurwayi mbere yo guhura n'ikigeragezo
1.Ese hari urwego rwiza rw'imirasire ku murwayi mu gihe atwite?
Imipaka ntarengwa y'umurwayi ntireba imirasire, kuko icyemezo cyo gukoresha imirasire gishingira ku murwayi ku giti cye. Ibi bivuze ko ingero zikwiye zigomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo hagerwe ku ntego z'ubuvuzi igihe zihari. Imipaka ntarengwa y'umurwayi igenwa n'abakozi, ntabwo ari abarwayi.
- Itegeko ry'iminsi 10 ni irihe? Imeze ite?
Ku bigo bishinzwe isuzumabumenyi, hagomba kubaho uburyo bwo kumenya uko abarwayi b'abagore bageze mu kigero cyo kubyara batwite mbere yo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe isuzumabumenyi rishobora gutuma uruhinja cyangwa umwana ukiri mu nda bahura n'imirasire myinshi. Ubu buryo ntibuhuriweho mu bihugu byose n'ibigo. Uburyo bumwe ni "itegeko ry'iminsi icumi," rivuga ko "igihe cyose bishoboka, isuzuma ry'inda yo hasi n'ikibuno rigomba kugarukira ku minsi 10 nyuma yo gutangira imihango."
Icyari cyasabwe mbere cyari iminsi 14, ariko bitewe n’impinduka mu mihango y’abantu, iki gihe cyagabanijwe kigera ku minsi 10. Akenshi, ibimenyetso byinshi bigaragaza ko gukurikiza cyane "itegeko ry’iminsi icumi" bishobora guteza imipaka itari ngombwa.
Iyo umubare w'uturemangingo mu nda ari duto kandi imiterere yatwo itaramenyekana, ingaruka zo kwangirika kw'utu turemangingo zishobora kugaragara nko kunanirwa gutera cyangwa gupfa mu buryo butunguranye kw'inda; Ubusembwa ntibushoboka cyangwa ni gake cyane. Kubera ko imiterere y'uturemangingo itangira ibyumweru 3 kugeza kuri 5 nyuma yo gusama, imirasire mu ntangiriro z'inda ntitekerezwa ko itera ubusembwa. Bityo, byasabwe gukuraho itegeko ry'iminsi 10 rigasimbuzwa itegeko ry'iminsi 28. Ibi bivuze ko, niba byumvikana, ibizamini bya radiyo bishobora gukorwa mu gihe cyose cy'ukwezi kugeza igihe ukwezi kumwe gucitswe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, intego ihinduka ijya mu gihe cyo gutinda no gutwita.
Iyo imihango itinze, umugore agomba gufatwa nk'utwite keretse bigaragaye ko atari ko biri. Muri ibyo bihe, ni byiza gushakisha ubundi buryo bwo kubona amakuru akenewe binyuze mu bipimo bitari ibya radiyo.
- Ese gutwita bigomba guhagarara nyuma yo guhura n'imirasire?
Nk’uko ICRP 84 ibivuga, gukuraho inda ku gipimo cy’umwana uri mu nda kiri munsi ya mGy 100 ntabwo byemewe hashingiwe ku ngaruka z’imirasire. Iyo igipimo cy’umwana uri mu nda kiri hagati ya mGy 100 na 500, icyemezo kigomba gufatwa ku giti cye.
Ibibazo igiheIrimo kunyuraMubuvuziEibizamini
1. Bite ho niba umurwayi apimwe indwara yo mu nda ariko ntamenye ko atwite?
Igipimo cy'imirasire y'umwana uri mu nda/igipimo cyo kubyara kigomba kugereranywa, ariko kigakorwa gusa n'umuhanga mu bya fiziki/inzobere mu by'umutekano w'imirasire ufite uburambe muri ubwo buryo. Abarwayi bashobora kugirwa inama nziza ku ngaruka zishobora kubaho. Kenshi na kenshi, ingaruka ziba nke kuko iyo ndwara izatangwa mu byumweru 3 bya mbere nyuma yo gusama. Mu bihe bike, umwana uri mu nda aba amaze gukura kandi ingero zishobora kuba nini cyane. Ariko, ni gake cyane ko ingero ziba nyinshi bihagije ku buryo byasaba umurwayi gutekereza gusohora inda.
Niba igipimo cy'imirasire kigomba kubarwa kugira ngo umurwayi amenyeshwe, hakwiye kwitabwaho ibintu bipima imirasire (niba bizwi). Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutekerezwaho muri dosimeteri, ariko ni byiza gukoresha amakuru nyayo. Itariki yo gusama cyangwa imihango ya nyuma nabyo bigomba kumenyekana.
2. Ni gute radiyo yo mu gituza n'amaguru ikora neza mu gihe utwite?
Iyo igikoresho gikora neza, inyigo z’ubuvuzi (nk’iy’amashusho yo mu gituza cyangwa ku maguru) zishobora gukorwa mu buryo bwizewe kure y’uruhinja igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe cyo gutwita. Akenshi, ibyago byo kudasuzuma biba byinshi kuruta ibyago byo kwandura imirasire.
Niba isuzuma risanzwe rikorerwa ku rugero rwo hejuru rw’igipimo cyo gusuzuma kandi umwana uri mu nda akaba ari hafi y’imirasire cyangwa aho aturuka, hakwiye kwitonderwa kugabanya igipimo ku mwana uri mu nda mu gihe agisuzuma. Ibi bishobora gukorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo guhindura isuzuma no gusuzuma buri radiyo yafashwe kugeza igihe hagaragaye isuzuma, hanyuma hagahagarara igikorwa.
Ingaruka zo guhura n'imirasire yo mu nda ya nyina
Imirasire ituruka ku bipimo byo gusuzuma imirasire ntabwo ishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku bana, ariko ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'imirasire ntizishobora gukurwaho burundu. Ingaruka zo guhura n'imirasire ku gihe umuntu asamye biterwa n'igihe umuntu amaze ahura n'ikigero cy'umuti wafatiwemo ugereranyije n'itariki yasamiyemo. Ibisobanuro bikurikira bigenewe abahanga mu bya siyansi kandi ingaruka zavuzwe zishobora kugaragara gusa mu bihe byavuzwe. Ibi ntibivuze ko izi ngaruka ziba mu bipimo bikunze kugaragara mu isuzuma rusange, kuko ari bike cyane.
Ibibazo igiheIrimo kunyuraMubuvuziEibizamini
1. Bite ho niba umurwayi apimwe indwara yo mu nda ariko ntamenye ko atwite?
Igipimo cy'imirasire y'umwana uri mu nda/igipimo cyo kubyara kigomba kugereranywa, ariko kigakorwa gusa n'umuhanga mu bya fiziki/inzobere mu by'umutekano w'imirasire ufite uburambe muri ubwo buryo. Abarwayi bashobora kugirwa inama nziza ku ngaruka zishobora kubaho. Kenshi na kenshi, ingaruka ziba nke kuko iyo ndwara izatangwa mu byumweru 3 bya mbere nyuma yo gusama. Mu bihe bike, umwana uri mu nda aba amaze gukura kandi ingero zishobora kuba nini cyane. Ariko, ni gake cyane ko ingero ziba nyinshi bihagije ku buryo byasaba umurwayi gutekereza gusohora inda.
Niba igipimo cy'imirasire kigomba kubarwa kugira ngo umurwayi amenyeshwe, hakwiye kwitabwaho ibintu bipima imirasire (niba bizwi). Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutekerezwaho muri dosimeteri, ariko ni byiza gukoresha amakuru nyayo. Itariki yo gusama cyangwa imihango ya nyuma nabyo bigomba kumenyekana.
2. Ni gute radiyo yo mu gituza n'amaguru ikora neza mu gihe utwite?
Iyo igikoresho gikora neza, inyigo z’ubuvuzi (nk’iy’amashusho yo mu gituza cyangwa ku maguru) zishobora gukorwa mu buryo bwizewe kure y’uruhinja igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe cyo gutwita. Akenshi, ibyago byo kudasuzuma biba byinshi kuruta ibyago byo kwandura imirasire.
Niba isuzuma risanzwe rikorerwa ku rugero rwo hejuru rw’igipimo cyo gusuzuma kandi umwana uri mu nda akaba ari hafi y’imirasire cyangwa aho aturuka, hakwiye kwitonderwa kugabanya igipimo ku mwana uri mu nda mu gihe agisuzuma. Ibi bishobora gukorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo guhindura isuzuma no gusuzuma buri radiyo yafashwe kugeza igihe hagaragaye isuzuma, hanyuma hagahagarara igikorwa.
Ingaruka zo guhura n'imirasire yo mu nda ya nyina
Imirasire ituruka ku bipimo byo gusuzuma imirasire ntabwo ishobora guteza ingaruka mbi ku bana, ariko ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'imirasire ntizishobora gukurwaho burundu. Ingaruka zo guhura n'imirasire ku gihe umuntu asamye biterwa n'igihe umuntu amaze ahura n'ikigero cy'umuti wafatiwemo ugereranyije n'itariki yasamiyemo. Ibisobanuro bikurikira bigenewe abahanga mu bya siyansi kandi ingaruka zavuzwe zishobora kugaragara gusa mu bihe byavuzwe. Ibi ntibivuze ko izi ngaruka ziba mu bipimo bikunze kugaragara mu isuzuma rusange, kuko ari bike cyane.
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Ku bijyanye na LnkMed
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Igihe cyo kohereza: 29 Mata 2024
