Rero, uri mu bitaro, uhanganye n'umuhangayiko wo mu gihe cy'impanuka y'ubuvuzi yaguzanye. Muganga asa n'aho adakomeye ariko yategetse ko bapima indwara zitandukanye, nko gupima X-ray yo mu gituza cyangwa CT scan.
Ubundi buryo, ushobora gukorerwa isuzuma rya mammogram mu cyumweru gitaha, ubu ukaba wibuka isuzuma rya X-ray ry'amenyo wari uherutse gukora. Cyangwa, nyuma yo gusuzuma ubuzima bwawe buri gihe, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora isuzuma rya PET bitewe n'ikintu kidasanzwe cyagaragaye.
Niba warigeze guhura n'imwe muri izi ngorane, ushobora kuba waribajije uti: Ese birashoboka ko umuntu ahura n'imirasire myinshi cyane? Ese bishobora gutera kanseri? Kandi se ni ngombwa ko habaho impungenge, cyane cyane niba utari utwite?
ESE IMIRASIRE IKORA KU MAGARA ANGAHE?
“Ingano y’imirasire ishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’ikizamini,” nk’uko byasobanuwe na Porofeseri wungirije Lionel Cheng, umujyanama mukuru akaba n’umuyobozi wa Diagnostic Radiology mu Bitaro Bikuru bya Singapuru.
Ingano y'imirasire iterwa n'ikizamini cyihariye cyo gupima amashusho gikoreshwa. Urugero, urugero rw'imirasire ikoreshwa muri X-ray isanzwe, scan y'ubucucike bw'amagufwa, cyangwa mammogram ni nto cyane ugereranije n'iya CT scan cyangwa PET scan, nk'uko bivugwa na Assoc Prof Cheng.
Imirasire isanzwe ya X-ray y'amenyo yawe, igituza, cyangwa amaguru itera ibyago bike cyane byo kurwara imirasire—hafi 1 kuri 1.000.000, ibi bikaba bingana n'imirasire wahura na yo mu minsi mike iturutse ku bintu karemano. Yego, twese duhora duhura n'imirasire karemano iturutse ku butaka, mu mwuka, mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ndetse no mu kirere.
Ndetse n'urugero rw'imirasire iri hejuru iva kuri CT cyangwa PET scan iza n'ibyago bike byo kurwara kanseri, aho 1 kuri 10.000 kugeza 1 kuri 1.000. Ibi bigereranywa n'imyaka mike yo guhura n'imirasire karemano. Nk'uko Parkway Radiology ibivuga, hari ibindi bintu, nko mu gace runaka gafatwa amashusho (nk'ukuboko gusa ugereranije n'umubiri wawe wose) n'igihe amashusho amara, nabyo bigira ingaruka ku guhura n'imirasire yose.
ESE HARI UMUBARE W'IBIKORESHO BYA SCANS USHOBORA KUBONA MU MWAKA?
Nk’uko Assoc Prof Cheng abivuga, nta mubare ntarengwa w’ibizamini umuntu ashobora gukora mu mwaka. “Bamwe mu barwayi bafite indwara zikomeye cyangwa zihutirwa bashobora gukora inyigo nyinshi zo gufata amashusho mu gihe gito, mu gihe abandi bashobora gukenera imwe cyangwa ebyiri gusa mu gihe cy’imyaka runaka.”
Aho kwibanda ku mubare runaka, yashimangiye ko ari ngombwa ko abarwayi bamenyesha abaganga babo niba baherutse gupimwa. “Niba gupimwa byakorewe mu ivuriro cyangwa mu bitaro bya leta, umuganga ashobora kubona izo nyandiko binyuze mu buryo bw’ubuvuzi bwa leta, akarinda ko hakorwa ibizamini bibiri no gutegura gahunda yo gukurikirana gupimwa igihe bibaye ngombwa,” ibi byavuzwe na Prof Cheng, Umujyanama w’ubuzima.
Ariko, gupima indwara bikorerwa mu mavuriro yigenga cyangwa mu mahanga bishobora kutaboneka mu nyandiko z’abaganga. Muri ibyo bihe, yashimangiye akamaro ko gutanga aya makuru ku barwayi. Yagize ati: “Ibi bituma muganga asuzuma ibyavuye mu isuzuma ryakozwe mbere mu gihe ahitamo ibindi bizamini by’ubuvuzi.”
KUKI RIMWE NA RIMWE ABAGANGA BATUMA UBWOKO BWINSHI BW'IBIZAMINI BYO GUSHUSHA AMASHUSHO?
Hari aho isuzuma rimwe ritatanga amakuru ahagije kugira ngo hamenyekane neza indwara, nk'uko Betty Matthew, umuyobozi mukuru w’ishami rishinzwe radiyo muri SATA CommHealth yabisobanuye.
“Gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gufata amashusho hamwe bituma habaho isuzuma ryuzuye, kwemeza ko umurwayi apimwa neza, gahunda nziza zo kuvura, no gukurikirana neza ikibazo cye.”
Urugero, X-ray ishobora kugaragaza imvune z'amagufwa zatewe n'impanuka, ariko ntabwo izagaragaza kuva amaraso imbere cyangwa ibyangiritse ku ngingo—ibibazo byagaragazwa na CT cyangwa MRI scan. Matthew atanga izindi ngero z'ibihe bishobora gukenerwa ibizamini byinshi byo gufata amashusho:
Kwemeza Isuzuma: Mu ndwara nka kanseri y'ibihaha, X-ray yo mu gituza ishobora kugaragaza ubukana bw'indwara, ariko CT cyangwa MRI scan yatanga ishusho isobanutse neza kandi irambuye. Ku barwayi ba stroke, CT scan ishobora kugaragaza amaraso mu bwonko, mu gihe MRI scan ishobora gusuzuma ingano y'ibyangiritse mu bwonko.
Gukurikirana Iterambere ry'Indwara: Uburyo bwo gufata amashusho nka PET, CT, na MRI bukoreshwa mu gukurikirana ikura ry'ikibyimba cyangwa ikwirakwira rya kanseri. Ku ndwara zidakira nka sclerosis nyinshi, gupima MRI inshuro nyinshi birakenewe kugira ngo harebwe ibikomere bishya.
Gutahura ubwandu cyangwa ububyimbirwe: Gupima ultrasound, CT scan, cyangwa PET scans bishobora gufasha kumenya inkomoko y'ubwandu cyangwa ububyimbirwe.
Ese uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima amashusho bugereranywa bute?
Kuki CT scan ishobora gutegekwa hakoreshejwe X-ray? Ese urwego rw'imirasire ruri hejuru kuri mammogram ugereranije na X-ray isanzwe? Reka turebe itandukaniro riri hagati ya bimwe mu bipimo bikunze kugaragara byo gufata amashusho.
1. Gupima imiterere y'umubiri hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (CT Scan)
Icyo ari cyo:
Gupima CT bikunze kujyana n'imashini nini, isa n'impeta itanga imirasire myinshi ya X-ray. Iyi mirasire ikorana kugira ngo ikore amashusho y'ingingo z'imbere mu buryo bw'ibipimo bitatu, nk'uko byasobanuwe na Dr. Lee.
Iyo ikoreshejwe:
Isuzuma rya CT ritanga amashusho arambuye cyane, bigatuma aba ingirakamaro mu kureba ingingo hafi ya zose z'imbere. Bitewe n'iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga, abarwayi ubu bashobora gupimwa umubiri wose mu masegonda 20, akenshi bahumeka rimwe gusa.
Abo Bidakwiriye:
Kubera ko gupima CT scan bisaba imirasire myinshi, muri rusange birindwa ku bana, abagore batwite, ndetse n'urubyiruko keretse bibaye ngombwa rwose. Byongeye kandi, abantu bafite asima, allergie, cyangwa ibibazo by'impyiko bashobora kuba badakwiriye gupima ubu bwoko bw'imashini, kuko hakenewe irangi ritandukanye, rishobora gutera ikibazo. Ariko, steroide zishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago kuri aba barwayi, kandi ubundi buryo bwo gufata amashusho bushobora kuba bwagirwa inama nibiba ngombwa.
2. Ishusho ya Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
Icyo ari cyo:
Bitandukanye na CT scan, MRI zikoresha scanner nini, ifite uruziga aho abarwayi bamara igihe kinini. MRI ikora ikora imiraba ya electromagnetic ikora amashusho arambuye kandi afite ingero eshatu z'ingingo z'imbere, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gufata amashusho mu buryo bwo hejuru kurusha ubundi bwose.
Iyo ikoreshejwe:
MRI ikoreshwa mu bihe runaka nko gusuzuma imitsi ihagaze mu ruti rw'umugongo, kumenya ibibyimba bito mu ngingo nk'umwijima, cyangwa gusuzuma imiterere yoroshye nk'inzira y'inkari n'imiyoboro y'inkari.
Abo Bidakwiriye:
Gupima MRI ntabwo ari byiza ku barwayi bafite ikibazo cyo gutinya claustrophobia cyangwa badashobora kuguma mu mwanya wabo igihe kirekire, kuko ubu buryo bushobora kumara iminota 15 kugeza ku minota 30, bitewe n'agace kaba gasuzumwe. Byongeye kandi, abarwayi bafite implants z'ibyuma (urugero: stent z'umutima, clips, cyangwa ibintu by'inyuma by'icyuma) bashobora kutabera MRI bitewe n'imbaraga zikomeye za rukuruzi zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukora ubu buvuzi.
Ibyiza:
MRI ntabwo ikoresha imirasire, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza ku barwayi bakiri bato ndetse n'abatwite. Imiti mishya ya MRI igabanya ubukana bwayo ni myiza cyane, ndetse no ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'impyiko.
3. Imirasire ya X
Icyo ari cyo:
Imirasire ya X-ray ikoresha imirasire ya elegitoroniki ifite ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo ikore amashusho arambuye y’imiterere y’imbere mu mubiri. Nubwo imirasire ya iyoni ikoreshwa, imirasire ya X-ray igenzurwa neza kugira ngo igabanye ibyago.
Iyo ikoreshejwe:
Imirasire ya X ikunze gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma imvune, gucika kw'ingingo, indwara z'ibihaha nk'umusonga, n'izindi ndwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu nda.
Abo Bidakwiriye:
Nubwo imirasire ya X muri rusange ari umutekano ku bantu b'ingeri zose, abagore batwite barasabwa kwirinda kuyikorerwa kuko imirasire ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana uri mu nda. Ariko, imirasire ya X ikorwa gusa iyo inyungu zishobora guterwa n'ishusho zirenze ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'iyo mirasire.
Muri make, buri buryo bwo gufata amashusho bufite imiterere yabwo yihariye, ibyiza byabwo, n'imbogamizi zabwo. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwa scan n'ingaruka zabwo bishobora gufasha abarwayi gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse neza no kwemeza ko bahabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye.
4. Ultrasound
Incamake:
Ultrasound ikunze kujyana no gukurikirana abana mu gihe batwite, kandi ni impamvu yumvikana. Nk'uko Matthew abisobanura, “Ni uburyo bwizewe kandi budakoresha imirasire.”
Aho gukoresha imirasire, ultrasound ikoresha amajwi menshi kugira ngo ikore amashusho y’ingingo z’imbere z’umubiri n’imitsi y’amaraso mu buryo bwihuse. Kugira ngo hafatwe aya mashusho, hashyirwa gel ku ruhu, hanyuma agakoresho gato kakajya hejuru y’agace gakenewe, nko mu nda cyangwa mu mugongo.
Iyo ikoreshejwe:
Matthew agira ati: “Ikoresha ultrasound mu kuvura abana batwite no mu ndwara z’abagore kugira ngo ikurikirane imikurire y’umwana uri mu nda. Ifite kandi akamaro ko gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye. “Ikora neza mu gusuzuma ingingo zoroshye, kugenzura gutwita, gusuzuma ingingo zo mu nda, kumenya utubuye tw’agahinda, no gusuzuma amaraso atembera mu miyoboro y’amaraso.” Byongeye kandi, ultrasound ikoreshwa mu buryo bw’icyitegererezo nko gusuzuma indwara zo mu nda.
Ni nde ukwiye kubyirinda:
Ariko, ultrasound ifite imbogamizi. Ntishobora kwinjira mu magufwa, bityo ntishobora kubona ahantu hamwe na hamwe. Irwana n'umwuka, bivuze ko idakora neza mu gusuzuma ingingo nk'igifu cyangwa amara. Ingirangingo zo mu nda, nka pancreas cyangwa aorta, na zo zishobora kugorana kuzisuzuma, cyane cyane ku barwayi bafite umubyibuho ukabije bitewe n'igabanuka ry'amajwi mu gihe anyura mu ngingo z'umubiri.
5. Mammogramu
Incamake:
Matthew agira ati: “Igira uruhare runini mu kunoza imikorere y’ubuvuzi binyuze mu kumenya ibibazo hakiri kare.”
Gusuzuma ubwabyo ni byihuse, akenshi bimara amasegonda make gusa. Ariko, gushyira amabere mu mwanya mwiza bishobora gufata iminota 5 kugeza ku 10, bitewe n'umubare w'amashusho akenewe. Dr. Lee yongeraho ati: “Kubera ko hakenewe gukanda kugira ngo haboneke amashusho asobanutse neza, abarwayi bashobora kugira ikibazo.”
Iyo ikoreshejwe:
Amamammogram ntabwo akoreshwa gusa mu gusuzuma buri gihe, ahubwo anakoreshwa mu gusuzuma ibimenyetso nk'ibibyimba cyangwa ububabare bw'ibere kugira ngo hamenyekane ibibazo bishobora kubaho.
Ni nde ukwiye kubyirinda:
Bitewe n’imirasire ikoreshwa muri iyo mirasire, ubusanzwe ntibisabwa ko abagore bakiri bato bakorerwa isuzuma rya mammogram kugeza bageze ku myaka isabwa yo kwisuzumisha buri gihe, nk’uko Dr. Lee abisobanura.
6. Gupima ubucucike bw'amagufwa
Incamake:
Gupima ubucucike bw'amagufwa, nk'uko Dr. Lee abisobanura, “ni X-ray yihariye ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma imbaraga z'amagufwa.” Akenshi bibanda ku kibuno cyangwa ku kuboko, kandi inzira yo gupima bifata iminota mike gusa.
Iyo ikoreshejwe:
Iki kizamini gikunze gukorwa ku barwayi bageze mu za bukuru bashobora kurwara osteoporosis. Ariko, gishobora no kuba ngombwa ku barwayi bakiri bato bafata imiti igira ingaruka ku bucucike bw'amagufwa, nk'uko Dr. Lee abivuga.
Ni nde ukwiye kubyirinda:
Abagore batwite bagomba kwirinda iki gipimo bitewe n’imirasire irimo. Byongeye kandi, abantu baherutse kubagwa cyane mu ruti rw’umugongo cyangwa barwaye indwara zikomeye zo mu ruti rw’umugongo, nka scoliosis, bashobora kuba badakwiriye, kuko ibisubizo bishobora kuba atari byo.
7. Gupima imiterere y'ibyuka bya Positron (PET)
Incamake:
Gupima PET ni uburyo bugezweho bwo gufata amashusho butanga ishusho y’umubiri wose. “Bikubiyemo gutera irangi ryihariye rikoresha imirasire, kandi uko irangi ryinjizwa n’ingingo zitandukanye, riboneka na scanner,” ibi ni ibyasobanuwe na Dr. Lee.
Icyo gikorwa kimara amasaha abiri kugeza kuri atatu kuko irangi risaba igihe cyo kwinjira mu ngingo mbere yuko isuzuma rikorwa.
Iyo ikoreshejwe:
Gupima PET bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima kanseri no gusuzuma ikwirakwira ryayo. Ariko, bishobora no gufasha kumenya inkomoko y'ubwandu.
Ni nde ukwiye kubyirinda:
Bitewe n’imirasire irimo, ubusanzwe gupima PET ntibisabwa ku bana cyangwa abantu batwite, nk’uko Dr. Lee abitanga inama.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Gashyantare 2025
